(a) describe the meaning of enthalpy change in terms of exothermic (ΔH negative) and endothermic (ΔH positive) reactions
(b) represent energy changes by energy profile diagrams, including reaction enthalpy changes and activation energies (see 6.1(c),6.1(d))
(c) describe bond breaking as an endothermic process and bond making as an exothermic process
(d) explain overall enthalpy changes in terms of the energy changes associated with the breaking and making of covalent bonds
(e) describe hydrogen, derived from water or hydrocarbons, as a potential fuel, reacting with oxygen to generate electricity directly in a fuel cell (details of the construction and operation of a fuel cell are not required)
O Level - Combined Chemistry
(a) describe the term exothermic as a process or chemical reaction which transfers energy, often in the form of heat, to the surroundings and may be detected by an increase in temperature,
e.g. the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
(b) describe the term endothermic as a process or chemical reaction which takes in energy, often in the form of heat, from the surroundings and may be detected by a decrease in temperature,
e.g. the dissolving of ammonium nitrate in water
- Syllabuses from SEAB
This section is not covered in the N(A) Level (Combined Chemistry) syllabus.
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